Hunger and lack of legal identity stand at the lowest point of the distribution of vital and existential capabilities across humankind. These extreme situations conflict with the main tenets of the liberal script and expose “scandalous inequalities” of basic rights between the haves and have-nots. This article proposes to tackle them globally by introducing a Humanity Identity Card, associated with a basic income supplement for the most vulnerable half of the world population. This supranational scheme would accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 16.9 and 2.1. Funding to implement the Humanity Identity Card would come from 0.66% of the gross domestic product of sovereign states, 0.66% of the market capitalisation of billionaire companies, and 0.66% of the wealth of billionaire households. Beyond the direct benefits of attributing legal identification to every living person and reducing global poverty, the Humanity Identity Card would enhance humanity’s awareness of our shared responsibility when facing global threats to the human species, including climate change.